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ABSTRACT

The accessibility of electronic information resources enhances librarians research output by providing various information needed for research. The availability of electronic information resources increases access and use of information materials which will be of immense benefit to librarians in their research work.Librarians are regarded as academics and are expected to publish like other academic staff, but it seems that librarians record low research output when compared with lecturers or other academic staff.The aim of this study is to investigate accessibility, use of electronic information resources and research output of librarians inuniversities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States.

The survey research design was adopted for the research.The population of the study was 160 librarians from 18 universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States. Census was used to include all the 160 librarians that participated in the study. A self-structured questionnaire titled “Accessibility, Use of Electronic Information Resources and Research Output questionnaire” was used to collect data. Cronbach’s alpha reliability test was used to validate the instrument with value ranging from 0.7 to 0.81. 89.4% (143) was the return rate of the questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics  (frequency count, tables, percentages, standard deviation and means) for research questions while inferential statistics ( Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and ANOVA) were used for the hypotheses.

There was no significant relationship between electronic information resources accessibility and research output of librarians in the study locale (r = -0.13, N = 143, P = 0.117).The study showed no significant relationship between electronic information resources use and research output of librarians in universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States (r = -0.05, N = 143, P = 0.561).The combination of accessibility and use of electronic information resources did not significantly influence research output of librarians in the universities (R = .13, F 2140 = 1.30, P >0.05). Findings also revealed that there was high level of accessibility of electronic information resources and that librarians frequently used AGORA, JSTOR, HINARI, E-Library, TEAL, EBSCOHOST, OARE, E-Directory and Science Direct E-Journal. Librarians published mostly on hardcopy journals, book chapters, co-authored textbooks and conference/seminar/workshop papers. The major challenge faced by librarians in universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States was lack of time due to library routine tasks.

This study concluded that most librarians in universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States have access to electronic information resources but they do not maximize these resources for their research work. Hence this study recommended that librarians’ routine task should be minimized so that they can have time to embark on research activities using the electronic information resources.

Keywords: Research output, Librarians, Accessibility, Use of electronic information

resources, Universities

Word Count: 450

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Content                                                                                                                   Page

Title page                                                                                                                    i

Certification                                                                                                                ii

Dedication                                                                                                                  iii

Acknowledgements                                                                                                    iv

Abstract                                                                                                                      vi

Table of Contents                                                                                                       viii

List of Tables                                                                                                              ix

List of Figures                                                                                                             x

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

  • Background to the Study 1

1.2     Statement of the Problem                                                                                 5

1.3     Objective of the Study                                                                         6

  • Research Questions 6
  • Hypotheses                                     7

1.6     Scope of the Study                                                                                           7

1.7   Significance of the Study                                                                                   8

1.8   Operational Definition of Terms                                                             8

 

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.0  Introduction                                                                                                         10

2.1       Research Output of Librarians                                                                        10

2.1.1    Publication Output of Librarians in the Universities                                      13

2.2       The Concept of Electronic Information Resources                                        15

 

Content                                                                                                                 Page

2.2.1    Types of Electronic Information Resources                                                   16

2.3       Accessibility of Electronic Information Resources by Librarians                  23

2.4       Use of Electronic Information Resources by Librarians                                 24

2.5 Accessibility of Electronic Information Resources and Research Output

of Librarians                                                                                                    26

2.6    Use of Electronic Information Resources and Research Output of

Librarians                                                                                                       28

2.7 Challenges of Research Output of Librarians in Universities Using

Electronic Information Resources                                                                  31

2.8      Theoretical Framework                                                                                    34

2.8.1 Information Utilization Theory                                                              34

2.8.1.1 Relevance of this Theory to the Study                                                           35

2.8.2 Campbell Theory of Job Performance                                                   35

2.8.2.1 Relevance of this Theory to the Study                                                           38

2.8.3     McClelland’s Needs Theory                                                                          39

2.8.3.1 Relevance of this Theory to the Study                                                           41

2.9       Conceptual Model                                                                                         43

2.10  Appraisal of Literature                                                                           44

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction                                                                                                          46

3.1 Research Design                                                                                                   46

 

Content                                                                                                                  Page

3.2   Population                                                                                                           47

3.3  Sample size and sampling Technique                                                                   49

3.4  Instrument                                                                                                            49

3.5  Validity and Reliability of Instrument                                                                50

3.6   Method of Data Collection                                                                                 50

3.7   Method of Data Analysis                                                                                    51

3.8   Ethical     Consideration                                                                                      51

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND    

DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.0       Introduction                                                                                                    52

4.1       Demographic Information of Respondents                                                    52

4.2       Research Questions                                                                                         55

4.3       Hypotheses                                                                                                     64

4.4       Discussion of Findings                                                                                   67

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION

AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0       Introduction                                                                                                    73

5.1       Summary                                                                                                         73

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                      74

5.3       Recommendations                                                                                          75

5.4       Contribution to Knowledge                                                                            76

5.5       Limitation of the Study                                                                                  76

5.7       Suggestion for Further Studies                                                                       76

References                                                                                                     77

Appendix                                                                                                        86

LIST OF TABLES

Table                                                                                                                          Page

  • Population of Librarians in Universities Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States.

Nigeria.                                                                                                             48

  • Demographic Information of Respondents                                                      52

 

  • Types of Electronic Information Resources Available 55

 

4.3     Electronic Information Resources Accessibility                                               57

4.4     Electronic Information Resources Use                                                             59

4.6     Challenges of Librarians Research Output.                                                      62

4.7     Correlation Analysis of Accessibility of Electronic Information

Resources and Research Output of Librarians in Universities in

Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States                                                                         64

4.8     Correlation Analysis of Use of Electronic Information Resources

and Research Output of Librarians in Universities in Ekiti, Ondo

and Osun States                                                                                                            65

4.9     ANOVA Analysis of Accessibility and Use of Electronic

Information Resources on Research Output of Librarians                                66

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure                                                                                                             Pages

2.8.1                Information Utilization Theory Diagram                                            35

2.8.2                Campbell’s Three Determinants of Job Performance                         38

2.8.3                McClelland Three Needs Theory                                                        41

2.9       Conceptual Model                                                                              43
6                      Research Output of Librarians                                                            61

 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

Research output of librarians is the extent to which librarians engage in their own research and publish articles in refereed journals, conference proceedings, write of books or book chapters, gather and analyze original evidence, work with postgraduate students on dissertations and class projects, obtain research grants, carry out editorial duties, obtain patents and licenses, write monographs, develop experimental designs, produce works of  artistic or creative nature, engage in public debates and commentaries.  Research output is a means by which librarians contribute new knowledge to the existing body of knowledge. Research output of librarians is worthy of focus as the quality and quantity of their publications are a determining factor in their performance evaluation.

Research output plays a major role in attaining success in the academia as it relates to promotion, tenure and salary of librarians.  It has also been reported that the quality of research output by academics in any university system depends largely on the quality and quantity of information resources at their disposal (Popoola, 2008).  Powell (1997) maintains that research and publication help individuals to think critically and analytically.Librarians in academic libraries are considered as academic staff, so engaging in research has become an expected activity on their part.  Despite the benefits of research output to librarians, they do not conduct enough research and publication.

Librarians when compared with other academic staff, record low publication output and this has affected the rate of promotion of many librarians. This  may be due to lack of access to adequate electronic information resources,  economic crises,  subscription  to current journals, lack of time for research work due to the nature of their routine work, insufficient skills in research,  poor training programme on research and erratic electric power supply, which may all lead to poor research output of the librarians.Oduwole & Ikhizama (2007) use the survey method to ascertain research output of librarians in Nigerian agricultural research institutes. They found out that the librarians’ research output, although generally low, was related to their work experience.

According to Reitz (2005) & Powell et al (2002) research is a systematic painstaking investigation of a topic or in a field of study often employing technique of hypotheses and experimentation, undertaken by a person intent on revealing new facts, theories or principles or determining skill and identification of research problems. Research is a vital and indispensable activity in universities and research institutions. It has become essential for a university’s prestige as well as the career of librarians.

Research provides a good platform for librarians to become successful academics. This is because research develops their knowledge and reinforces the skills needed for effective knowledge transfer. It also inspires librarians towards hard work, fills the gaps of previous researches, and creates an opportunity for future research. According to Rashid (2001), research is conscious effortto collect, verify, and analyze information. Research is essentially an investigation, a recording and an analysis of evidence for the purpose of gaining new knowledge. Research occupies a critical role in promoting the prosperity of a nation and its citizens’ well-being.  Research output and research productivity are often used interchangeably. According to Hoffman et al. (2014), independent of research requirements for tenure or promotion, an increasing emphasis on a culture of assessment and evidence-based librarianship has contributed to greater need for librarians to conduct research.

Research output is one of the criteria that are used for the promotion of librarians in universities and other higher institutions of learning in Nigeria. Research output contributes towards image building for universities as well as ranking, it becomes highly necessary for universities to invest more on access to information resources especially electronic resources. Output is of primary concern to the management of every organization, including university libraries. Thus, the need to accord high premium to the welfare of the employees has been the major preoccupation of management. Productivity is considered as an output of a staff on the job, measurable in terms of quality and quantity of job performed or done (Oduwole, 2004).  The quality of research could be measured, according to Popoola (2002), by counting the numbers of books published, or journal articles produced over a period of time.

Information Communication Technology has brought about innovation in librarianship where access to information is made possible to library users beyond the physical boundary of the university library. According to Pullinger (1999), the academic information environment has changed for both librarians and patrons, since most of the information sources are now available and as well accessible in electronic format, the electronic information resources have unprecedented contribution on library collections.

Electronic Information Resources refer to information bearing materials that provide access to users in a digital or in an electronic format. Electronic information resources also have been viewed by Haridasan and Khan (2009) as a resource in which information is stored electronically and accessed through electronic systems and networks. Electronic information resources have many functions and benefits which can be of immense use to librarians’. Once a user is connected to the Internet such user can link up with any part of the world for whatever purpose the user has in mind, (Osunrinde, Adekiya and Adyemo, 2002). Okiki and Asiru (2011) view electronic resources as the product of information communication technologies which are found relevant to aid librarians’ performance and research process in the universities.

The accessibility and use of electronic information resources is very important as to the research output of librarians in universities, because it is perceived that when these resources are accessible, the use will be easy and may contribute to the research output and the development of the library at large. Hence, it appears that when electronic information resources are accessible, it may hamper the research output of librarians. This reason informed the need to investigate the accessibility and use of electronic information resources on research output of librarians in universities. The accessibility and use of e-resources is dependent on the functionality of information communication technology tools and interest within the library.  Oduwole and Akpati (2003) investigate the accessibility and retrieval of electronic information resources at the University of Agriculture Library, Abeokuta, Nigeria.  The study revealed that all members of the university community have access toelectronic information resources and it was easy to use and were satisfied with their research outputs.

Use of electronic information resources according to Nawe and Kiondo (2005) the study report that research quality had improved significantly with the use of electronic information resources. Results of the study also revealed that the quality of teaching and learning had improved significantly as a result of information and communication technology (ICT) application in library operation. Foster et al. (2008) argue that inadequate access and use of electronic resources affectthe publication outputs of Nigerian universities in international journals is reportedly low, and publication output is a major indicator of productivity; this implies that academic staff in Nigerian universities are not internationally productive.

Internet resources such as online databases, e-books, and e-journals were among the EIRs used for academic purposes. Other resources found to be used were CD-ROMs and OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue). Generally, literature has shown that there is a positive relationship between the use of electronic information resources and improvement in the quality and quantity of research output. Nawe and Kiondo (2005) in their study report that research quality had improved significantly with the use of electronic information resources. Results of the study also revealed that the quality of teaching and learning had improved significantly as a result of information and communication technology (ICT) application in library operation.

The accessibility and use of the electronic information resources will be of immense benefit to librarians in universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun State, Nigeria. Electronic information resources will assist them to produce or publish a good research output which can be added to existing knowledge. Electronic information resources provide access and use according to various literature reviews and these can broaden the mind of librarians when embarking on research which will lead to quality research or output. The accessibility of electronic information resources enhances librarians research output by providing various information needed for research. It also increases access and use of information materials that will be of immense benefit to librarians in their research work.

Electronic information resources are in digitized format which requires access to computers and internet connection. Accessibility and use of these resources is influenced by various factors. However, because of the flexibility of electronic information resources, they have added advantage over print materials in research conduction. Thus, the ease with which electronic information resources is accessed and used to obtain needed information significantly influence the degree of the use of these materials by librarians and this is turn has great impact on the research output of librarians in universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States.

Despite the importance of and advantages offered by electronic information resources (EIRs) studies have identified a number of problems associated  with  accessibility and use of electronic information resources, these problems range from lack of or inadequate resources, mainly computers, poor internet connectivity, inappropriate usage of electronic information resources lack of appropriate skills in research among librarians.  In spite of the advantages offered by electronic information resources, not much have been explored by librarians in their research output on this subject matter, hence the need for their study.

1.2       Statement of the Problem

Research output contributes towards image building of universities as well as ranking. Research output is a criterion that is used for promotion and tenure of librarians in universities and other higher institution of learning in Nigeria. However, it seems likely that librarians record low research output when compared with lecturers or academic staff and even the one they published does not rank high in academics.  This low research output could be librarians’ inability to access electronic information resources or could it be that librarians are inadequately using these electronic information resources on their research output.

Moreover, previous work on accessibility and use of electronic information resources may not have focused on the possible influence which accessibility and use of electronic information resources could have on research output of librarians in the study locale. Therefore, this study sought to investigate accessibility and use of electronic information resources as correlates of research output of librarians in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States universities.

1.3       Objective of the Study

The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between electronic information resources accessibility and use towards research output of librarians in universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to:

  1. identify the level of electronic information resources that are available in the universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States;
  2. ascertain the level of accessibility of electronic information resources by librarians in the universities under study;
  3. find out the level of electronic information resources use by librarians in the area of study;
  4. find out the research output of librarians in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States universities;
  5. examine the relationship between accessibility of electronic information resources and research output of librarians in the study locale;
  6. determine the relationship between the use of electronic information resources and research output of librarians in the study locale;.
  7. determine the combined  effect of accessibility and use of electronic information resources on research output of librarians in the universities under study and
  8. identify the challenges of research output of librarians in the under studied universities.

1.4       Research Questions

In order to achieve the above objectives of the study, the following research questions were used to garner data for the research:

  1. To what level are electronic information resources available for use by librarians in universities under study?
  2. To what extent are electronic information resources accessible to librarians in universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States?
  3. What is the level of use of electronic information resources by librarians in universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States?
  4. What is the research output of librarians in universitiesunder study?
  5. What are the challenges of research output among librarians in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States?

1.5     Hypotheses

The following null hypotheses were formulated to guide this study, and were be tested at 0.05 level of significance:

H01: There is no significant correlation between accessibility of electronic information resources and research output of librarians in universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States.

H02:There is no significant correlation between the use of electronic information resources and research outputof librarians in universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States.

H03: There is no significant effect of accessibility and use of electronic information resources on research output of librarians in universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States.

 

1.6 Scope of the Study

This study evaluated accessibility and use of electronic information resources on research output of librarians in universities in Ekiti, Ondo and Osun States within the period of (2010 – 2015) to enable the research determine the research output of librarians during this period. The study will focus on librarians with first degree BLS/BLIS, Masters MLS/MLIS and Ph.D in the field of librarianship. The study covered three states in South-West geopolitical zone namely; Ekiti, Ondo and Osun. There are eighteen (18) universities in the three states and the breakdowns are as follows: 3 Federal universities, 5 State universities and 10 private universities.

 

1.7       Significance of the Study

The outcome of this study would help librarians in academic institution improve their research output through accessibility and use of electronic information resources. Enhance librarians maximums publication output. The finding of this study would be of immense assistance to all librarians in universities to know the importance of electronic information resources use that wouldenhance their research output. The research findings of this study would help librarians, policy implementation, the government and management board of the universities and libraries who are involved in the research work to explore information on electronic information resources. Furthermore, findings and recommendations of this study would add to the existing knowledge in the field of Information Resources Management and related discipline in Information Management.

 

1.8       Operational Definition of Terms

Information Resources: They are devices which enhance the sharing of ideas; it could be manually or electronically. It can also be referred to as information carriers e.g. books, journals, magazines etc.

Electronic Information Resources: Refers to the computer mediated information resources in electronic form that are available for use among librarians in universities.

Accessibility of Electronic Information Resources: It is theability to get, locate or obtain electronic information resource with ease in the conduct of research. Thus, accessibility is considered in the study as a process in which librarians can easily locate electronic information resources to aid research productivity.

Use of Electronic Information Resources:  Refers to purpose for which these resources are used by librarians. It is also the ability to use electronic information resources in the conduct of research.

Librarians: They are professionally trained persons responsible for managing, organising, evaluating and disseminating information, providing support to members of an academic community including students, researchers and lecturers.

Research Output: Total productivity in term of research report of librarians within the period of  2010 – 2015. It is the outcome of publication of librarians with first degree BLS/BLIS, Masters MLS/MLIS and Ph.D in the field of librarianship. It also include their own productivity in terms of research publication, number of seminars paper presented, number of workshops conducted, conferences and training in emerging technology.

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