ABSTRACT
A Juice extractor machine is a device that is used to extract liquid (Juice) from fruits and vegetables in a process called juicing.
The machine is constructed manually with the use of local materials and tools. The material used for the construction of the machine is mild steel sheet. During the construction of the machine, the various parts of it were constructed separately using the mild steel sheet before finally coupled. It is constructed in a way that when the handle is moved the fruits are crushed to give juice.
The fabrication of the machine start with transferring of the information contained in the engineering drawing on the blank material from which the part is to be produced. The engineering drawing are presented on paper with the use of pencil and meter rule while marking out involves drawing of lines on a metal surface with the use of scriber, meter rule etc to indicate the profile or outline of the finished components.
Manually operated juice extractor machine was an outstanding low cost, easy to maintain. It is also easy to operate and good efficiency for small scale production. The machine encourage students to be self employed and reliant. It was discovered that the manual juice machine help for easy transportation of materials, easy separation of impurities through mechanical process, easy formation of solution through extraction etc.
Due to the fact that the machine is constructed manually with local material, it is not up to standard. That is to say that it may not be durable since juice is liquid in nature, it has a good amount of moisture in it, which would enhance the corrosion of the mild steel frame. And once corrosion takes place it will lead to weakness of the machine.
In fact, the manual juice extractor is at low cost and easy to operate. It is not as costly as that of electric juice extractor. It cost us only twenty-three thousand naira (N23,000). It is the cheapest equipment used to start up a small-scale production.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- PURPOSE/AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
- METHOD OF RESEARCH
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1.1 HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION AND
USES OF SIZE REDUCTION EQUIPMENT/
MACHINE
2.2 THEORY OF OPERATION OF SIZE REDUCTION
2.3 FACTOR THAT AFFECT THE EFFICIENCY OF
SIZE REDUCTION MACHINE
2.4 TYPES OF SIZE REDUCTION EQUIPMENT
2.5 CRUSHES
2.6 APPLICATION OF REDUCTION EQUIPMENT
LIKE FRUIT JUICE CRUSHER/EXTRACTOR
2.7 FACTORS AFFECTING JUICE CRUSHING EXTRACTOR/MACHINE
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 SELECTION OF MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION
3.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
3.21 MAKING OUT OPERATORS
3.22 EQUIPMENT USED FOR MAKING OUT
3.3 CUTTING OPERATORS
3.4 PRESS SIZE REQUIREMENT FOR CUTTING
3.5 PUNCHING/DRILLING OPERATION
3.6 WELDING JOINING OPERATION
3.7.1 ARC WELDING
3.72 ELECTRODES USED IN WELDING
3.73 SPECIFICATION OF WELDING ELECTRODES
3.8 SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
3.81 THE ROTATING SHAFT AND CONVEYOR
HOUSING
3.82 HOPPER
3.83 SQUEEZE CHAMBER
3.84 PLATE GAPAND ADJUSTMENT SCREW
3.85 STANDING
3.86 DRIVEN PULLEY/PRIME MOVER
3.86 SURFACE FINISHING AND COATING
3.87 SAFETY OF THE OPERATION
3.91 PRECAUTIONS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 DISCUSSION
5.1.1 PRECAUTION
5.1.2 MAINTENANCE
5.2 CONCLUSION
5.3 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Fruit have been cultivated for the last 2000 years in Southern China and South-East Asia, one variety the citron and south-east was carried to the middle east sometime between 400 and 600 BC. Arab traders transported different kinds of fruit like orange to eastern Africa and the Middle East sometime between 100 and 700 AD and during the Arab occupation of Spain, Citrus fruits first arrived in southern Europe from there they were carried to the new world by explores where they spread to fluoride and Brazil (By the sixteenth century by 1800 citrus fruits achieved world wide distribution). In the 1890s, the demand for them greatly increased because physicians discovered that drinking the juice of organs or other citrus fruit could prevent survey, A vitamin deficiency disease.
The popularity of orange juice dramatically increased again with the development of the commercial orange juice industry in the late 1920. In its early day, the juice industry primary relied on salvased fruit, which was unstable for regular consumption because it was badly colored in 1944 scientist found a way to concentrate fruit juice in a vacuum and freeze it with destroying the flavour or vitamin content.
After World War II most Americans stopped squeezing their own juice and concentrated because the predominant for, with the increase in home refrigeration, frozen concentrate became even more popular. In 1985 when reconstituted and NFC juice first out sold the frozen type. Today commercial aseptic packaging allow RTD juice to be marketed without refrigerated storage the current world wide market for orange juice is more than and $2.5 billion with the biggest area being the biggest in United States (USA) followed by Canada, Western Europe and Japan.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Fruit Juice over the year, has been successfully used in the production and manufacturing of the edible refined juice using machine which were fabricated and constructed to large scale production, industrialization and large capital requirement.
This make the extraction of fruit juice a fantasy to local and small-scale industrial establishment. Furthermore, the major ways by which the suckle in which fruit juice has been enjoyed over the years has been by the employment of teeth in biting off the mind and chewing up the internal tissue. When this is achieved, the juice would then be extracted and sucked in the mouth. The grossness of this procedure trends to put the human teeth in duress, imagine if it to be consumed in large quantity, if also led to low scale production of the fruit by the farmers.
At present, the construction of the coltage industry for fruit juice extractor has been facilitated to cushion these problem so far.
1.3 PURPOSE/AIMS/OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Because of the great demand for juice produce a higher quantity and grade today brought about the need for this project.
The objectives of this project are;
- To reduce the bulkiness of the fruits in terms of size
- To ease transportation in terms of size maximum quality of juice from the produce or fruit used.
- Some fruit does not last for a long time after harvesting then there is need to process it into juice fruit to last for a period of time, like orange fruit which are too astringent for eating without being processed maybe used for chutney wine and pickles.
1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
For the construction of fruit juice extractor, we make uses of non-reactive metallic material. For the fabrication would also go along in segregating the frame metal, which is mild steel from having contact with the juice would not introduced rust into the extracted juice.
Since juice is liquid in nature, it has a good amount of moisture in it, which would enhance the corrosion of the mild steel frame. So the construction of the casing for the operating chamber would help shield off the intrusion of rust in the extracted juice to avoid contamination of the juice. Also the hygiene of the machine should be better clean after mart of every used, so that will contaminate the product. During the process of carrying out the operation on how to design the extractor machine we face some constraint to like the quality to be used for construction so that it would not interfered with the adidic contents of the fruit in other to avoid corrosion and rusting of the machine part.
Because it is manually it required a lot of man power to crush the fruit and extracted juice from the chaff.
1.5 METHOD OF RESEARCH
Experimental research:- This involved the research carried out on the construction of fruit juice extractor machine in the laboratory by using appropriate material for the construction, like the type of material used is mild steel.
Information gotten from the library like the uses of internet services and discussion with academic supervisor and my fellow classmate.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The effective construction of orange and pineapple juice extractor etc could go along way in solving the problem associated with the wastage and out if stock of many fruit in the market. Due to poor preservation technique its advantage over other preservation techniques its advantage over other form of juice extractors are food processing equipment include the portability and affordability.
The machine is in popular demand and it can be disposed easily- finally the importance in which this machine would be on the society are numerous in the sense that it will aid in reducing post harvesting losses.
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