ABSTRACT
This work present the design, construction and testing of a simple burglar alarmactivated by light, break beam and pressure sensor. The principle of operation of this burglar alarm is simple. When the ray of light falls on the light sensor the alarm is triggered and the siren begins to operate, the speaker beeps and the flasher
(light) flashes.
When an intruder walks through the break beam sensor the alarm is triggered and the siren begins to operate, the speaker beeps and the flash light flashes. Likewise the pressure foot sensor has the same mode of operation. Whenever pressure is exerted on the foot sensor the alarm is triggered and the siren begins to operate. The speaker beeps and the flasher (light) flashes. These actions thus alert the owner of the residence and/or security personnel of the presence of an intruder.
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Internal crcuitry of a 555 timer configured in monostable mode.
Figure 2 One Shot Monostable
Figure 3 Non inverting comparator source.
Figure 4 Transformer.
Figure 5 Transformer wiring .
Figure 6 Voltage Regulator IC.
Figure 6.1 Full-wave rectifier with a capacitor filter.
Figure 7 Circuit diagram of power supply .
Figure 8 Diode symbol
Figure 8.1 Characteristics of Diode.
Figure 9.0 size of resistor
Figure 9.1 Resistor color code
Figure 9.2 Resistor color code
Figure 9.3 Resistor connection
Figure 9.4 resistor behaviour
Figure 10 Power supply circuit.
Figure 11 The ripple gradient of the power supply.
Figure 12 Break- beam sensor.
Figure 13 Comparator design circuit.
Figure 14 14IC555 timer configure in monostable mode.
Figure 15 Block diagram .
Figure 16 Testing project .
Figure 17 Construction of hardware.
Figure 18 casing.
LIST OF TABLE
Resistor Color Code ……………………………………………………………….1
Analysis of bills quantity …………………………………………………………….2
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
LED……………………………………………………………………..Light Emitting diode
IC………………………………………………………………………… Integrated Circuit
DC ………………………………………………………………………….. Direct Current
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PREAMBLE
The project presents the design, construction and testing of a simple activated burglar alarm. The principle of operation of this burglar alarm is simple. When there is reflection of light, pressure on the foot sensor or break beam through the door, the alarm is triggered and the siren begins to operate. The speaker beeps and the flasher (light) flashes. These actions thus alert the owner of the residence and/or security personnel of the presence of an intruder.
1.2 PROJECT MOTIVATION
What really inspired me is the expansion of standard of living which has driven the high level of crimes, particularly home raid and business premises robberies which happens daily.
Definitely fencing, burglar bars on doors and windows are now distant from the necessity of home security, other than that these systems should be switched with well modernized and burglar alarm system.
1.3 AIM
The aim of this project is to design and construct a workable, reliable and effective burglar alarm system that is activated by light, break beam or pressure sensor.
1.4 OBJECTIVES
The following are the objectives of this project.
- To design a system that will detect an intruder breaking a beam into a confined place
- To design a system that will alert the user when a ray of light falls on the confined place
- To design a system that will detect an intruder when stepping on a foot sensor.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this project include the design and construction of a light sensor, design and construction of break beam sensor as well as design and construction of pressure sensor. It also includes the integration of all these sensors to produce an alarm sound for alert purpose and flasher for indicator purpose.
1.6 LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter will emphasize on the research carried; intricate on ways in which this will assist the design at end. Investigations of past home burglar alarm security system devices and well modernized systems on the market to be attained. Every home owner and tenant are at risk of losing their hard earned possessions to burglars. This has prompted them into looking for more effective systems which provide higher security to their homes. In that way it will bar burglars from their premises, they will not gain access to their property easily without alarm and flasher alert immediately. In most domestic alarm systems the intruder detection facility is needed only when the building is unoccupied. From the alarm company’s point of view, multiple switching or zoning is justified on the grounds of ease of maintenance and locating and isolating faults should they occur. For some alarm companies to supply rather more comprehensive control panels than are strictly necessary, it is unknown and perhaps just to increase the sale value of the installation and probably to impress the customer.
According to research, the common parameters or characteristics of home security system are
24 hours monitoring of the intruder
Ease of use
Reliability
Efficient
Fast and precise notification system. Today a number of home security systems are available everywhere.
A project on “design and Implementation of Security Systems for Smart Home based on GSM technology” [1], was implemented, they made use of web camera. Whenever there is a motion in front of the camera, it gives security alert in terms of sound and a mail is delivered to the owner. The second method sends SMS which uses GSM-GPS Module (sim548c) and Atmega644p microcontroller, sensors, relays and buzzers.
Also a project on “sound Activated Burglar Alarm System”[2] was implemented.The principle of operation is based on intensity of sound, when the intensity of sound exceeds certain level the alarm is triggered and the siren begins to operate.
A project on “ low cost Short Message System (SMS) based home security system equipped with motion sensor, smoke detector, temperature sensor, humidity sensor and light sensors ’’ has been studied by Mae , Y,; SaaS , N .; Inonu ,K. and Await.
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