design and implement a web-based crime reporting system

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Modern society is characterized by increasing levels of global social mobility and uncertainty relating to levels of risk posed by internal and external security threats. Within this climate security driven by technology is increasingly being used by governments, corporate bodies and individuals to monitor and reduce risk. There has been an acceptance that the criminal justice system is limited in its capacity to control crime which has led to the exploration of other avenues for tackling crime and this has provided a market for private companies to push forward the growth of technological security innovations. Crime is a human experience and is as old as the human race. Crime is geographical. It occurs at a specific place, specific time and for a specific reason. It can affect everyone and anyone at any time.

National security has been a source of concern to all and sundry in Nigeria. There is the issue of religious crisis in some states of the Northern part of Nigeria, ritual killings and kidnappings in some states of the South-East and South-South, sectarian clashes in some states of the South-West, bombings in Abuja and some states of the federation. In order to reinforce Security and Justice in Nigeria, and to ensure the security of citizens, it is important to establish at all levels a concrete and user-friendly system which will enable an efficient exchange of information on previous convictions of criminals. Information about previous convictions shall circulate between judges and prosecutors as well as police authorities. This is essential in order to provide adequate responses to crime and also to prevent new crimes from being committed.

Crime reporting is the first of the nine basic Youth Crime Watch components. Most simply, it’s giving the proper authorities information you have about crime that might be committed, crime that has been committed, someone who was involved in committing a crime. Young people understand the importance of reporting crime. They want safer schools and neighborhoods, and if they know how to report effectively, they’ll do it. Young people can help encourage peers to report crime in the making as well as information on crimes under investigation. Web-Based Crime Report System helps in getting the different police stations to share information and get in contact with one another, the aim of this project is to develop a web-based crime reporting system which is easily accessible to the authorized users, the police department and the administrative department. The crime information dictionary provides a facility of reporting crime, Searching, different crime ratio and most wanted criminals.

With the increase of communication system and management applications in our day to day life and public service sector developing online crime reporting system will be a helpful software application. This application works on web where public and police department can use to get effective service compare to the existing manual record management method.

Crime reporting system will enable the police to have accurate statistics to draw analysis from, on information of a case, the year a crime was committed, who investigated it, etc.” This project is titled “Design and Implementation of Web-Based Crime Reporting system”. Today, Computerization is a major advancement in technology that helped in many field of organization. It makes information storage, manipulation and retrieval easier and faster thus saving time and manpower.

• Statement of the Problems

Manual crime records in Nigeria Police, Atani Crime Investigation Department, were maintained on paper, and were created and updated manually (typewriter or hand-written). Manual record keeping has resulted in many setbacks to the expected standard.

The bottleneck encountered includes:

1. Poor information circulation: Due to poor information circulation, many crime cases are not resolved or settled.
2. The process of finding the accused and justifying case within the Nigerian security agency has been tedious, most times innocent citizens are convicted for crime not committed because of lack of prove. Or being wrongly accused.

• Criminal case are been investigated blindly or based on assumption, by facial look and appearance. Example. A situations were citizens will be arrested and torture to confess on being guilty of a crime.

1. Accuracy about cases being treated by this security agencies are not guaranteed a bit, because there might be a case of the accused being identical or forms of resemblance.
2. Time wastage: Delay in provision of vital information for decision making.
3. Partial or total loss of file or documents.

1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim and objective of this study is to design and implement a web-based crime reporting system, which will assist the Nigerian Police Force (NPF) in their bid to solve crimes with timely and useful information about criminals and/or their mode of operations so as to nip in the bud criminal activities in a given locality.

The aim and objectives are;

1. To develop software that will receive and store crime reports.
2. To integrate a system that will help in anticrime fight, with the aim of bringing justices to the desk.

• To make the crime records available for publics to facilitate distribution to different police stations.

1. To provide a deterministic crime reporting model.
2. To create a distributed data warehouse for crime reporting based on the model.
3. To ensure data security by restricting unauthorized access to the crime report database.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The enhanced data quality of the crime reporting system will be of significant benefit to state and local governing bodies, criminal justice agencies, and the public. Data from the incident-based system will enhance both strategic and tactical decision making in criminal justice.

Because incident-based data will provide a more accurate picture of a community’s crime patterns, decisions regarding law enforcement, judicial, and correctional resources can be made based on empirical data. Similarly, the level of detail provided by incident-based data can assist law enforcement agencies and the community to identify crime problems in their community such as:

1. Crime hotspots
2. Populations who are at risk and

• Drug and alcohol problems.

Crime prevention strategies may then be developed and evaluated based on empirical evidence.

This study will also assist policy analyst to understand both factors that impedes the efficiency and effectiveness of the police and the ways by which the situation could be improved upon so as to bring crime and disorders in the society to its barest minimum. Finally, this study will go a long way in contributing to the knowledge of police work. Besides, other researchers and students in higher institutions especially those in sociology department can derive various secondary data from this study.

1.5 Scope of the Study

This project is designed to support operation policing by providing crime related information investigation analysis, capabilities for deleting and apprehension offenders. It encompasses the relevant aspects of information management system such as data handling storage of data and cases, updating of information. In view of the scope, crime reporting application will be implemented to help in reporting, investigating, sanctioning any crime suspects and storing all suspected crime cases in Nigeria Police force.

1.6 Limitations of Study

Some of the constraints that may have in one-way or another affected the outcome of this work include:

1. Lack of adequate fund to finance the project: this was one of the limitation to this work because much money is needed to carry out a detailed research work which is not easily borne by every student.
2. The limited knowledge of ASP.net and Visual Basic programming was great challenge to this project. However, more research was made to complete this project successfully.
   

1.7 Definition of Terms

Analyst: This is a person or professional who studies the problem encountered by a system and creates means of solving them by introducing a better system.

Authentication: it is the process of recognizing a user’s identity.

Code: It is a written guideline that helps to determine whether a specific action is ethical or unethical.

Computer: Computer is an electronic device operating the control of instructions stored in its memory that can accept data (input) manipulate the data according to a specified rules (processing) produces result output and stores the result for future use.

Crime: Crime is an illegal acts or ability that can be punishable by law of the land. It can be immortal act against humanity to extremity. Some examples are fraud, rapes, embezzlement and theft.

Criminal Investigation Department: This is a department of police force whose duty and responsibility is to investigate and solve crime and related offenses.

Data processing: is defined as the entire process of converting or manipulating data into definite meaningful information (Adigwe, & Okoye, 2015).

Data: It is the facts collected for decision making they are facts that are kept to be processed to get more information.

Database Management System (DBMS): it is software which controls the flow of data and checks and checks on how data are stored.

Database: is an organized /unique collection of related files. It is a collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views and other object.

Design: is the art or process of designing how something will look, work.

Information: is a processed data that can be read and understand.

Investigation Police Officer: This a police officer not lower than the rank of an inspector who is assigned either by the police commissioner or the division police officer to lead investigation team and report back to the appropriate authority.

Offence: An act omission which renders that person doing the act or making the omission liable to punishment under the criminal code or under any act or law.

Offense Report Information (ORI): This is a publication that with crime incidents, administrative and criminal report collected over a period of time.

Security: This helps to prevent unauthorized users from illegally accessing certain data within the database, it protects your data/ files.

Software: These are set of logically related instructions given to the computer to perform some specific task.

System: Is the collection of hardware and software, data information procedure and people.

Vulnerability: a weakness in a target that can potentially be exploited by a threat.

Web Site: It is a location on the web that publishes some kinds of information.

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