ABSTRACT
This research work is an attempt made to enforce the role played by planning and control to management efficiency and productivity. The incessant business and reluctant growth of some companies or enterprise can be linked to deficiency in planning and control. In view of these, this topic is designed to guide managers in companies re-focus their policies towards the utilization of firm’s fund and to administer work. This work introduces the issue of stating the problems, definition of some operational items and significance of study etc. finally, the researcher discussed the procedures adopted in carrying out this research, the summary of finding about company and recommendation for the company was made for further research. In the summary of the findings, the researcher tried to look at the planning and control of PZ Industries Plc by investigating the various guidelines used by the enterprise. Here it was emphasized that effective planning and control leads to continuous existence, increase in market share and profit maximization of the organization. It was recommended that adequate and qualified managers should be employed to handle firm effectively in planning and controlling of resources of the enterprise.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Approval page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of contents vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 4
1.3 Purpose of the study 5
1.4 Significance of the study 6
1.5 Research question 8
1.6 Scope of the study 8
1.7 Limitations of the study 9
1.7 Definitions of terms 11
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction 13
2.1 Nature of planning and control 16
2.2 History of universal basic education board 26
2.3 Steps in planning 19
2.4 The process of planning 24
2.5 Control process 26
2.6 Types of plan 29
2.7 Control steps 32
2.8 Solution to the problems 35
2.9 Principles of planning 35
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Design and Methodology 39
3.1 Design of the study 39
3.2 Area of the study 40
3.3 Population of the study 40
3.4 Sample size and sampling technique 41
3.5 Instrument for data collection 42
3.6 Validity and reliability of the instrument 45
3.7 Distribution and retrieval of the instrument 46
3.8 Method of data collection 46
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data presentation and analysis 47
4.1 Data Presentation 48
4.2 Data analysis 55
4.2 Discussion/Analysis of finding 56
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary of findings, Conclusion and Recommendations 58
5.1 Summary of the findings 59
5.2 Conclusion 60
5.3 Recommendations 61
References 63
Appendix 65
Questionnaire 66
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The project topic role of planning and control to management efficiency and productivity. in an economy like Nigeria administrators has been faced with credible problems. Planning as a key to management efficiency and productivity involves selecting mission objectives and action to achieve them, it also bridges the gab from where we are and where we want to go. if can equally be analyzing a situation determining the goals that will be pursued in future deciding in advance the actions that will be taken to achieves these goal.
Controlling in the other hand, emphasizes function involves monitoring the progress of the organization or the work unit towards goal. If necessary, taking corrective action, strategic planning, setting, objectives, managing resources. The small medium and large scale administrators experience frustrations when they make their forecast because they do not move as proposed. The crucial thing in the management is how far internal prediction are right or wrong in what planners wants to achieve. Usually large business organization differ in their planning and controlling processes but more significantly in the way these are woven into business planning and equally controlling system. It every stage, in order to ensure the manages effectiveness always depends solely in his convincing the management on the management of the soundness of his findings on planning and controlling process.
In management planning and controlling roles exist to managers and business more efficient by recognizing it to reduce or eliminate waste. They should plan towards their survival although there could be many scenarios the manages should always find ways to avoid those events that would result inefficiency of services as wall winding up of these business with this background. The efficiency and effectiveness of the management can be quite profitable and can aid expansion into planning as they to management efficiency would ask questions? where we what to start? Where do we go from the starting point? What do we go there to do? Who goes with us, these question are necessary because without plan administrator cannot lead or expect the follower to obey them. They will have little or no chance to accomplish the goals or know when or where they stayed from their paths. Dalton McFarland defined planning as the activity by which administrators analyze present condition to determine ways of reaching a desired future state.
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Some business organizations maintain poor performance due to poor planning and control which effects the management efficiency and productivities of the organization. Poor planning and control are the factors that limit the productivities rate and growth of an organization also management inefficiency. Poor planning and control as a problem usually affects the smooth running and profit of the organization some business unit have no proper projects analysis and coordination greater attention in being paid on non productive projects than productive projects. In some occasion a business organization making much profit on its subsequent year but on present stage now are
running into a big loss. And some others that were before making big loss are now pulling the lions share. There have been situations where organizations offer many years of its formation will collapse even though they many be well planned financed and managed while some other will stand a test of time. Based on this administrative lacuna which planning is the key problems the researcher now deemed imperative to write on this topic.
- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
In view of these PZ industry (Nig.) Plc is been checked to determined the level of planning and control that goes on in the organization. This researcher work is being designed to accomplish these objectives stated on his to determine the extent to which planning and control have positively affected Paterson Zochonis Industries (Nig.) Plc. Secondly to investigate the principle procedures and steps on which planning and control should be based in order to arrives at a course of action that will lead to specific goal. Thirdly to identify the major tools for planning and control, and how best fools will be effectively use to achieve effective planning and control in PZ industries. And also to determine the extent to which proper planning and control can reduce business failure or distress in PZ industries.
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Planning and control are very pertinent tool for ensuring the efficiency and productivity of the management. Survival of a business especially where there are lots of unforeseen and uncontrollable variable always pull the organization down. Therefore, a constant and comprehensive step in formulating strategies plans and putting in place certain appraisal and evaluation system as a measure to control become necessary. Therefore this research work intends to enforce and help administrators to appreciate the essence of planning and control of their limited resources to meet the objective of the organization through efficiency productivity and profitability. Moreso, it will educate administrators on how cost of production, price stability increase in turnover and adequate profit shall remain the overall measure of management efficiency. In addition to that the importance of this study will be in the development of using planning and control to help management in making relevant policy decisions which of well circulated will result to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the firm. This will in turn help to create avenues for the firms to achieve their optimum profitability which will be beneficial to the shareholder, employees, creditors and government including other that many have one dealing with organization or other. Furthermore, the outcome of this study will bring life to adying business organization caused by incessant sustenance of operational breakdown and failure.
- RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Answers to the question below would lead to the solution of the problem.
- What extent has planning and controls have positively affected the organization?
- What are the principles procedures and steps on which planning and control should be based in order to arrive at a course of action that will lead to a specific goal?
- What are the major tools for planning and control?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The efficiency and effectives of productivities in Paterson 20 Chonis industries (Nig.) Plc is being positively affected because of high rate of planning and control of the management. Planning and control in management efficiency allows a the manage to estimate costs and the time required to finish the projects of the organization. However, planning and control act as device that enable management of PZ Industries (Nig.) Plc to anticipate changes and adopt them. No business can exist well without planning and control and the skill with which it’s affair are being managed by the management.
1.7 LIMITATION THE STUDY
During the course of undertaking this research project the researcher encountered some extraneous variable which hindered the free flow of work. The information were generated from staff of PZ Industries (Nig.) Plc books and journals some of the factor include:-
- Time Constraint: Due to the nature of this study the time allocated to it was not sufficient which could not accord the researcher the opportunity to carry some organization that are concerned to this research.
- Finance: Inadequate finance was a major handicapped to faster this research project. This was as a result of the huge transport cost involved in the collection of information.
- Accessibility: During the course of this research project, the researcher found it difficult to have access to the population of interest and as a result, not all the desired information was collected since extensive visit was nor also made.
- Fear of information dissemination by not giving accurate information by respondents.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Management: It is defined as social and technical process that utilizes resources and change human behavior in the desired in order to elicit contribution that will objectives.
Planning: This is the defined as the process by which managers analyze present condition to determine ways of reaching a desired future state.
Control: This is defined as a process by which manager endeavour to achieve planned result by matching performance with intended objectives.
Forecasting: This is defined as statement that predicts something with the help of information.
Efficiency: It is the achievement of ends with the least amount of resources.
Organization: This is the aggregate of people whose objectives are towards accomplishment of a given goal or objectives.
Goal: An end towards which one is working for.
Effectiveness: It is the ability of bring about the intended result having an effect, it is also the achievement.
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