ABSTRACT
Food is inevitable in ones life and fish is a main source of vitamins and protein in ones life. Fish pond is a place for growing fish for commercial or private needs or gestetic purpose. The design of fish pond is very important because of its aqueous retaining nature which if there is leakage will not only cause loss of water but also loss of lives of fish and plants in it. A adequacy and accuracy is relevant in the design of fish pond. The engineer is bordered with the functions of designing, construction, maintenance, administration and/or operations of a fish pond. Fish pending creates sobs, provides foods, and can also serve some a estetic works. This project can serve as a reference material for those carrying out the same or related project works or to a practicing members of the community who is faced with the problem of fishpond design. BS8110 and Bs8007 are the reference codes for this project work while project procedures are sourced from many other reliable sources named at the appendix.
NOTATIONS
Acr = Distance from point considered to surface of
nearest longitudinal bar.
As = Area of tension reinforcement
b = breadth or width of section
d = effective depth of tension reinforcement
Ec = modulus of elasticity of concrete
Es = modulus of elasticity of reinforcement
Fb = average bond strength between immature
concrete and reinforcement
Fc = Stress in concrete
Fct = Tensile strength of immature concrete, taken at
age of 3days.
Fcu = Characteristics strength of concrete (a) 28 days
Fs = Stress in tension reinforcement
Fy = Characteristic strength of reinforcement
M = Bending moment per unit width
H = Dept of liquid
L = Span length
Mu = Ultimate design moment of resistance
n = Ultimate design load
S = Bar spacing
W = Design surface crack width
T1 = Is the fall in temperature between the
hydration peak and ambient
Y2 = The temperature fall due to seasonal variation
Vc = Design concrete share stress
V = Maximum shear force due to ultimate load
r = Design shear stress (a) a cross section
r = Unit weight
Wmax Is the estimated maximum crack width
X = neutral axis depth
Z = Lear arm
ae = Modular ratio
a = Thermal expansion coefficient
Σm = Average strain (a) the level where the cracking
is being considered.
Σ1 = Starin @ the level considered ignoring the
stiffening effect of the concrete in tension zone.
Σ2 = Strain due to the stiffening effect of concrete
between cracks.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Notations vi
Table of contents vii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION 1
Types of fishpond 1
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW 3
Impermeability and water tightness 4
Influence of construction method 6
Foundation 6
Calculation of crack width due to flexure 7
Quality of fish pond water 9
CHAPTER THREE
Pressure on a fish pond 10
Basic soil checks 11
Factor of safety 11
CHAPTER FOUR
Design information’s 12
Design of outer walls for cracks 13
Design of outer walls 18
Design of central or internal walls 20
Checks for stability 22
Footing reinforcement 26
Floor slab of fishpond 30
Deflection of walls 31
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion 33
Recommendation 34
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Design of fishpond need accuracy which must be from the onset (location of the site) till the end of construction including proper management.
Volume of area of fishpond required is determined using the number and type of fish to be grown inside. It is also advisable to allow for more space than calculated.
Situation of a fishpond should be done in such a way that is receives light or not in a perpetual shade. It is not recommended to be under a tree because of the fallen leaves.
TYPES OF FISHPOND
Fish ponds can be done in many ways or classified in many ways:-
- It may be buried to the brine allowing only the freeboard to be above the ground or;
- It may be built above the ground level except for the buried base.
The latter is more advisable to allow for exchange of water periodically.
Others can be cast with concrete; the depth of every fish pond is dependent on the type and area of fish pond.
In cold regions the depth of fishponds is advised to be above 900mm while a minimum of 600mm is taking in hot regions.
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