ABSTRACT
The study investigated the effects of Information and Communication Technology on Students learningandachievement.Therespondentsusedforthestudywereonehundredandtwenty(120) learnersandteachersrandomlyselectedfromsixSeniorSecondarySchoolsofSokotoNorthlocal governmentinSokotostate. Fivenullhypothesiswerepostulatedandtestedat0.05levelof significant. The instrument used for the study was a structured questionnaire administered to the selectedSeniorSecondarySchools. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentage, frequencyandchi-square.TheresearchfindingsindicatedthatICThavegreatimpactonstudents learningandachievement.AlsotheintroductionofICTmakesclassroominteractionsointeresting for the students and supplement teachers technique. Some of the tested hypotheses of the study confirmed that ICT have great impact to the teaching learning processes and also attested that pupils and teachers who experienced greater positive effect from ICT are the ones who use ICT the most often. Based on the findings suggestionsandrecommendationsweremade.ThatICT facilities should be made available to all Secondary Schools, and teachers that are not ICT compliance should be encouraged to study further in order to meet up with the new demand.
TABLE OFCONTENT
Title page ……………………………………………………………………..i Certification ….……………………………………………………………….ii Dedication…………………………………………………………………….iii Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………….iv Abstract ………………………………………………………………………..v Table of Content ……………………………………………………………….vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background to the Study ……………………………………………………………1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………………………2
1.3 Research Questions …………………………………………………………………..3
1.4 Objective of the Study ………………………………………………………………4
1.5 Research Hypotheses ………………………………………………………………..4-5
1.6 Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………………5
1.7 Scope and Limitation of the Study ………………………………………………….6
Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………………6-8
CHAPTER TWO LITERATUREREVIEW
2.0 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………9
2.1 Conceptual Framework ……………………………………………………………..9-14
2.2 Brief History of Sokoto State ………………………………………………………14-15
2.3 Brief History of Sokoto North Local Government Area …………………………..15
2.4 ICT in Education ……………………………………………………………………15-20
2.5 Positive Effect of ICT on the Learning and Achievement of the Learner …………20-25
2.6 Proposed Government’s Policies on ICT inEducation and Implementation Strategies
……………………………………………………………………………………………25-31
2.7 Barriers and Solutions in Selection and Utilization of ICT materials ……………….31-33
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….34
3.1 Research Design ………………………………………………………………………..34
3.2 Population of the study …………………………………………………………………35
3.3 Sampling and Sampling Techniques …………………………………………………..35
3.4 Instrumentation ………………………………………………………………………..36
3.5 Validity of the Instrument …………………………………………………………….36
3.6 Reliability of the Instrument ………………………………………………………….36
3.7 Method of Data Collection ……………………………………………………………36
3.8 Method of Data Analysis ……………………………………………………………..36
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS ANDDISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.0 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….37
4.1 Analysis of Personal Data (Teachers) …………………………………………………37-38
4.2 Analysis of Personal Data (Learners)………………………………………………….38-39
4.3 Data Analysis………………………………………………………………………….39-47
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 Summary ………………………………………………………………………………48
5.1 Summary of the Major Findings ………………………………………………………..48-49
5.2 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………..50
5.3 Recommendation ………………………………………………………………………50-51
5.4 Suggestion for Further Study …………………………………………………………..51
References…………………………………………………………………………..52
Appendix ……………………………………………………………………………5
CHAPTER ONE
- Background to the Study
Throughout the globe, Information and CommunicationTechnology(ICTs) havebeenwelcomed widelyashavingthepotentialtoincreaseaccesstolearningbyhelpingtoovercomebarriers suchasthoseofcost, timeorspace. Theusesof ICTsareencouragedby mostgovernmentofthe world.EuropeancountrieshavefosteredeffectiveandproperintegrationofICTsinallform of theireducation. In Nigeria,the unavoidabledemandfor ICTineducationhas madeitimperative forboththeteachersand thelearnerstoutilizetechnologyasithaspositiveoutcometolearning. GovernmenthasalsodeemeditnecessarytoincorporateICTtoeducationintheiryearning policy to progress and meet up the vision 2020.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become the principal driver of economic development and social change in the world. Though, technology alone canonlybeaprime mover, not a driver of development. Further, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) uses in developingcountriesare seen as effective ways to improve thepopulation’slifeand well- being.Inparticular,ICTapplicationsontheeducationsystem mightchangethefutureofthe underdeveloped world fundamentally through the connections to ‘the flat world’ i.e., globalization (Friedman, 2005).
Following the new global demand, ICT support education-based have been the foci for grooming the21st centurymanpowerbecauseofitspotentialtoinnovate,accelerate,enrichanddeepen skills.Itseffectivenesstostudentperformancemotivatesandenablesthem tohelprelateschool experiencestoworkpractices, createeconomicviabilityfortomorrow’sworkersaswellas strengthening teaching and helping schools change (Yusuf, 2005).
TheprospectofICTtoteachingandlearning designatedtheuseof ICTdevicessuchas computers, with different software, internet, overhead projector, interactive whiteboard, radio, television, telephony etc. All these are put in placeto compliment and supplement teachingand learning. Profoundly, it supports student self-learning and reduced teachers’ work in the classroomwhile compensating the industrialized needed manpower of 21stcentury.
However,therearevariousproblemswhichcreatebarrierstopeopleowning andusing ICT. Theseproblems amongothersincludesilliteracy,culturalbarrier, lackofcomputerskillsand technologicalknow-how, lackof access to computer or computer network as a result of a digital device,nointernetaccess,lack of significant usage opportunities, background to increasing informationandstructuralequalityandthelikesofotherswhichshallbediscussedin thebarriers and solution to the use of ICT.
Thisstudytriestolookattheeffectsof ICTonstudentlearningandachievementandthe applicationofICTinclassroomwiththeproblemsmilitatingagainsttheproperapplicationof ICT in secondary schools of Sokoto North local government.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
TheuseofInformationandCommunicationTechnologycouldbeacatalystforenhancing qualityofeducationintheglobalizationage,if itisproperly acquiredandcarefullyutilized. Moreover,somestudentsacquaintedtotheuseof ICTsoftenremarksthatteachersarenolonger needed to communicate the formal curriculum due to the information they acquired in the phantom curriculum orinternetsources;suchascomputers,smartmobilephones,radio,TVand tapes, etc., some teachers have incorporatedthe use of ICTs to enhanceinstruction.
While others become more confused of their role to facilitate this development; due to their inadequateknowledgeof ICTs. AndmostlystudentsexposedtoICTs in senior secondary class, don’tevenknowtheproperwaytoutilizeICTs,astheyexhaustedmuchoftheirtimewhen goingthroughthistechnologyon thesocial-media;likeFacebook,onlinegaming,twitter, 2go, whatsapp, netlog, LinkedIn and the host of others. Somedo not even have access to the ICTs materialsintheirschoolsandathomelet aloneofgoingthroughthem,duetogovernment recklessness over ICT policy.
Thus,thepurposeofthisresearchistolook intotheaforementionedareasinordertoconfirm theireffectsonstudentslearning andachievementinseniorsecondaryschoolofSokotonorth local government.
1.3 Research Questions
Thezealandintentdisposedbytheresearcherofthisworkcreatedthenecessityforhimto askquestions.Thesequestionsthataretobeaskedwillform thecoreandbasisofthis research. It includes:
- i. IsICTfacilitiesaccessibletothestudentsintheSeniorSecondarySchoolsinSokotoNorth Local Government?
- ii. Whatistheimpactof‘computerliteracy’instructioninSecondarySchoolsinSokoto North Local Government?
iii. HowdoesexposuretoanduseofICTsintheSokotoNorthSecondarySchoolsaffect students’ learning?
- What are the barriers to ICT utilizationin Sokoto North Secondary Schools?
- HowcanwedetermineproperutilizationofICTfacilitiesfortheStudentsintheSokoto North Secondary classes?
ThesequestionshavepromptedmeinthestudyofICTanditsefficacytoeducationandwill serve as the base for other researchers who are interested in searching for proper way in which ICT have been or could have impacted on education in Nigeria.
1.4 Objectives of the Study
Consideringthebackgroundtothis study,themainobjectiveofthisstudyistoascertainthe Effects of Information and Communication Technology on Student’s Learning and Achievement. The Specific Objectives are:
- i. To investigate the level of availability of ICT facilities, in the public and privateSecondary Schools of Sokoto North Local Government.
- ii. TofindouttheimpactofICT,onthestudent’slearningandachievementinsecondarySchools of Sokoto North Local Government.
iii. TofindouthowproperacquisitionandutilizationofICTsinschoolscanenhancedthe learning of the students in the Senior Secondary classes.
- TohighlightbarriersofICTintegrationinSecondarySchoolofSokotoNorthLocalGovernment.
- Togiverecommendationsonthebasisoftheevidenceavailableinordertocreate favorableframework conditionsfor effectiveICT integration as wellas futurefields of actions in Sokoto North Local Government and the nation at large.
1.5 Hypotheses
- i. There is no significant correlation between students learning achievement and the availability of ICT inSenior Secondary Schools.
- ii. ThereisnosignificantrelationshipbetweenstudentslearningachievementandtheuseofICT.
iii. There is no significant correlation between proper acquisition of ICT and Students learning achievement.
- ThereisnosignificantrelationshipbetweenbarriersofICTutilizationandStudents learning.
- There is no significant correlation between proper utilization of ICT facilities and teaching learning processes.
1.6 Significance of the Study
TheuseofICThasbecomeaglobalphenomenonas itcuts acrossallareaofhumanlife.Theuse ofICTtosomeextentbroughtaboutdevelopmentinthemodernworld.Educationisoneof thoseareaswhereICTisbeingused.Thisstudyisaveryimportantone,asitgivesaninsight intotheimportancewhicheducationattachedtotheuseofICT.Thestudyalsoexposesthe impact of ICT on student learning achievementfollowing the demands of new global order.
The success of this research will immeasurably benefit several sets of people including:-
- i. Teachers, students, curriculum planners, educational administrators and policy form
- ii. ThestudywillbestowtheteachersintheselectionandapplicationofICTintheir classroom teachingandaugmentsthestudentintheirlearningprocess,providingthem other alternatives toclassroomteaching.
iii. Theywillthereforebeencouragedtodeveloppositiveattitudestoteachingandlearning throughtheuseofICTmaterialsinandoutsidetheclassroomasithaspositiveimpact on the academic achievements of the learners.
- Thepolicyformulatorsandeducationaladministratorsarefundamentalstakeholdersof theeducationalmanagementandadministration.Theseareaswillbenefitimmensely
fromthisresearch.Itwillhelpdirectthefocusofpolicyformulatorsandguidethemin formulating policy on ICT in education.
OtherstakeholdersofeducationinNigeria,suchasparents,governmentandsocietyatlarge,will also find this research very useful.
1.7 Scope and Limitation of the Study
Thisresearchwas conductedin Sokotonorthlocalgovernment,Sokoto.SokotoNorthcomprises of ten established Public and Private Schools of which there are both boarding and day Schools, butasaresultofsomeconstraint bordering on financial, time,transport and among others the work set to limit its effort to some six selected secondary schools in the Sokoto north local government. It tries to look at the effect of Information and Communication Technology on learning and achievement of students in the selected schools.
Definition of Terms
To avoid distortion and misinterpretation of words, there is need for metodefinesomeconcepts used in this work.
Effect: Means something that power
ICT:Standsfor”InformationandCommunicationTechnologies.”ICTreferstotechnologies thatprovide accessto informationthroughtelecommunications.Itissimilarto Information Technology(IT),andisdefined,forthepurposesofthisprimer,asa“diversesetoftechnologicaltools andresourcesusedtocommunicate, andtocreate,disseminate,store,andmanageinformation.”These technologies includecomputers,theInternet,broadcasting technologies (radioandtelevision),and telephony.
Education: Isdefined asaprocessofreceiving orgivingsystematicinstruction, especially, at a school or university according to Oxford dictionary.
Teaching: Is the process of carrying out those activities that experience has shown to be effective in getting students to learn.
Learning:Isameasurableandrelativelypermanentchangeinbehavior throughexperience, instruction, or study. There are various ways of facilitating learning, but for the purpose of this studyElectroniclearningore-learning is considered. It referstoInternet-basednetworked computer-enhanced learning.
StudentLearningoutcome/achievement:Studentlearningoutcomesaredefinedintermsof theknowledge,skills,andabilitiesthatstudentshaveattainedasaresultoftheirinvolvementin aparticularsetofeducationalexperiences. Whileachievementherereferstoacademic achievementconnoting,excellenceinallacademic disciplines, in class as well as in extracurricular activities. It includes excellence in behavior, sporting, confidence, communication, pronunciation, skills, punctuality, Arts, culture, and the like.
ComputerLiteracy: Implieslevelof familiaritywiththebasichardwareandsoftware(andnow Internet) concepts that allows onetousepersonalcomputersfordataentry,word processing, spreadsheets, and electronic communications.
Interactivewhiteboard: Aninteractivewhiteboard(IWB)isalargeinteractivedisplaythat connects to a computer. A projectorprojects thecomputer’s desktopontotheboard’ssurface where users controlthecomputerusing a pen,finger, stylus, or other device.The board is typically mounted to a wall or floor stand.
Information age: Theperiodbeginningaround1970andnotedfor theabundantpublication, consumption, and manipulation of information, especially by computers and computer networks.
Globalization: Simplyreferstoprocessesthatpromoteworld-wideexchangesofnationaland cultural resources. Advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, including theriseoftheInternet,aremajorfactors inglobalization,generatingfurtherinterdependenceof economic, and cultural activities.
Governmentpolicy:Isthegeneralprinciplesbywhich agovernmentisguidedinits managementof public affairs, or the legislature in its measures.
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