ABSTRACT
This research work focused on the increasing rate, of auto-crash accident (motor accident) in recent time in Edo state. An effort has been made to examine the primaryl causes of the motor-accident with a peculiar reference to ikpoba okha local government area of Edo state. Data used were secondary, obtained from the records departments of Nigeria police service (NPF) ikpoba okha local government police division and federal road safety corps (FRSC), Benin city. Decriptive statistic and regressive analysis were employed to analyze the data. Based on this promote findings were made, solutions and recommendation were profound.
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
A road is a path established on lands for the passage of motor vehicles, people and animals. It provides dependable pathways for the movement of people and goods from one place to another.
Roads are typically smooth, paved or otherwise, prepared to allow easy travel. Historically, many roads were simply traditional or local routes without any formal construction or maintenance.
Among the various categories of road users such as the pedestrian, cyclist, motorcyclist, animal; the motorist is the major. This class of road user is enclosed in motor vehicles. The motor vehicle is a means of transportation for people and goods as well. The motor vehicle is an important factor in the social economic development of a nation. This is a factor that cannot be overlooked.
Inspite the usefulness or the important roles of this means of transportation, there is a very sad or unpleasant effect accompanied the transportation agent is known as Road Accident or Road Crashes.
Accident, according to Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary, is an unpleasant event that happens or occurs unexpectedly and cause damage or injury. Accident from the writer of this project is an unpleasant experience or event that occurs cause injury or death. Road accident or crashes can therefore, be referred to as accident which occurs as a result of the use of vehicles including motor cycles on the public highways, such as two-lane highways, dual carriage ways, expressways and even private drive pathways.
Road accidents may be minor, serious or fatal. It could be self involved or involving two or more vehicles and a pedestrian.
Road accident has resulted in more waste of lives and property than diseases and sundry ailment put together. It has become the major cause of death and human deformity in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Edo State in particular.
The Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) and The Nigeria Police Force (NPF) have reported that most people lost their lives through road accident. Through road accident, some people in Ikpoba Okha have been deprived of their bread winners and loved ones. Some citizens of Ikpoba Okha that were very active and productive have lost their lives while some have be disfigured which in turn make them handicap and incapacitated and are enviously useless and become burden to their families and the society. As a result of Road accident, this sad effect cannot be allowed to affect the general public before solution can be profound. Since it is duty of every individual, the government to profound solution, there is therefore the need to establish the past trend of road accident which occurs in Ikpoba Okha and to establish the underlying causes of such ugly situation and some of the possible solutions to reduce or eliminate this road accident.
- BRIEF HISTORY OF IKPOBA OKHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA EDO STATE
Ikoba Okha Government was one of the Local Government Area created in November, 1996 by the Federal Military Government. It was created out of the default Ikpoba Local Government Area. It was one of the eighteen (18) Local Government Area in Edo State with its headquarter at Idogbo town. It has an area of about 862km2 and a population of 371,106 going by Nation population commission in 2006 census. Also the postal code of the area is 300. ikpoba Okha is a Local Government Area of Edo State, Benin City. It is bounded in the North by many ethnics groups and Nation of sub.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aims of this study is to present to the general public the statistical analysis of road accident in Ikpoba Okha Local Government and to established possible causes of road accident including the possible solutions to the road accident.
The objective includes:
- To present to the general public the trend of road accident in Ikpoba Okha East for purpose of prediction and wise decision making as regard to road accident.
- To determine whether or not road accident has been on the increase so that proper measures may be taken to eliminate or at least minimize road accident.
- To identify the relationship between the road accident and the number of people involved and also to know the relationship between the number of road accident and the number of people killed.
1.3 HYPOTHESES
Findings will be carried out to as certain the velocity of the following hypothesis:
Ho: There is no significant relationship between the number of road accident and the number of persons involved.
Hi: Road audient has not been in the wreathe in recent time.
Ho: There is no significant relationship between the road accident and the number of persons killed
Hi: There is a significant relationship between the road accident and person killed.
1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
It is the researcher’s desire and hope that this study will encourage and motivate every road users to pay more attention to road signs, traffic rules and regulations so as to reduce the road accident to lowest minimum.
Also the researcher believes that this project will be more beneficial to he Government and the general public in fighting to reduce the rate at which road accident occurs in Edo State and Ikpoba Okha East in particular.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is intended to cover the period of five years i.e. 2006 – 2011. it is also not worthy to point out that it is a secondary data, moreover, the actual fact remains that it was collected from The Record Departments of Nigeria Police Force (NPF) and The Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC), the bedrock of this project is to analyzed road accident in Edo State, Ikpoba Okha in particular. This study intends to find out the major cause and possible solution of road accident.
1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY
In the course of carrying out this research work, series or problems were encountered which in one way or the other affected the quality of the worked prominent among such constraints is:
- The reluctance of The Nigeria Police to release some information that would have really enriched the project work.
- The problem of not finding the people in charge on sit when the research work was in progress
- Financial challenge was the major constraint limiting the researcher from meeting some needful obligations.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
There is need to define some of the terms used in this project.
FATAL ROAD ACCIDENT
These are road accident causing death to person as the passenger’s driver.
SERIOUS ROAD ACCIDENT
A road accident is said to be serious when there is no lose of lives but enough to cause damage or injury to the person involved.
MINOR ROAD ACCIDENT
A road accident is said to be minor if there is no lost of life or no serious injury or damage to the vehicle or the people involved
SELF INVOLVED ACCIDENT (LONE ACCIDENT)
A road accident is considered to be self involved if the accident happened to a particular person and does not involved other road users.
VICTIMS OF ROAD ACCIDENT
This refers to people involved in the road accident.
ACCIDENT VEHICLES
This refers to the vehicles involved in the road accident.
HIT AND RIM ROAD ACCIDENTS
These are vehicles knocking down somebody as pedestrian or cyclist or even another vehicle but the driver fail to stop or report to the police and hence escape.
USELESS PERSON
This refers to victims who are completely deformed as a result of road accident.
TRUNK “A” ROAD
These are road constructed and maintained by the Federal Government.
PRIVATE DRIVE PATHWAYS
These are roads owned, maintained or controlled by an individual, agency or organization.
TWO-LANE HIGHWAYS
These are the usual single carriageways. Traffic on two-lane highways normally flow in opposite direction on a single lane.
DUAL CARRIAGEWAY
This is road which has multiple lens with traffic going in opposite direction. They may or may not be physically separated by non-possible dividers such as concrete barrier.
EXPRESS-WAY
This is a specially designed and restricted highway divided with barriers which make traffic in opposite directions completely separated from each other.
MINOR ROAD
These are roads constructed and maintained by the state government
TRAFFIC WARDEN
This refers to the enforcement agents who help in maintaining traffic laws, educating all classes of road and preventing road accident on the road.
HYPOTHESIS
A tentative answer to a question. A research statement that would be true or false.
1.8 CATEGORIES OF ROAD USERS
THE MOTORIST
This class of road user is enclosed in motor vehicles.
THE MOTORCYCLIST
It is a person that rides a two wheel vehicle, motorcycle, moped and motorized cycle.
THE CYCLIST
A cyclist is a person that rides a bicycle motorcycle or tricycles or other such vehicles.
THE BICYCLIST
A bicyclist is a person who rides a bicycle by pushing the pedals with his feet.
THE PEDESTRIAN
A pedestrian is a person who is walking on the road especially in an area also used by vehicles.
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