CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The word Police is derived from the Greek word “Polis”, meaning that part of non-ecclesiastical administration having to do with the safety, health and order of the state. The Greek politeria, meant the art of governing and regulating the welfare, security needs and order of the city-state in the interest of the public. Although Police is derived from the Greek, it was the Romans who perfected the system. The Roman politia meant the same thing as the Greek Politeira. It was a symbol of power residing in central Authority (Nigerian Constitution, 2012).
During the duration of the Roman Empire, Police in Rome was organized from the ranks. There was the Roman Prefect which had under his control fourteen Magistrates, each responsible for a district and assisted by vigils who patrolled the streets, lictores who were law enforcement officers and station who were residents of the city blocks.
In Britain, Policing developed as a local affair with a role which has remained till now. That it is the responsibility of every person to maintain law and order. This role is rooted in history and common law tradition of Britain that each citizen had a duty to suppress crime and disorder within his area. Failure to do so entailed the payment of fines (Nigerian Constitution, 2012).
The burden of policing was placed on every adult citizen. It was an avocational obligatory policing, manifesting itself in the forms of thing man of the Saxon Police, the frankpledge in the South and East of England after the Norman conquest 1066 and later as the Parish Constable system after the enactment of the Statute of Winchester 1285 (Ojibah, 2016).
Before describing these systems in brief, it is relevant to observe that policing and police work did not start as a paid profession. It started as a noble, incorruptible profession with considerable responsibility and distinction. It was the Justices of the Peace system, which corrupted the Parish Constable System. When the first paid professional police force was proposed in Britain, it was strongly opposed by those who feared that such force would lead to repression and threat to the freedom of the individual and to democracy (Nigerian Constitution, 2012). The Police Force as we know it today went through three distinct stages before it became a profession. As Hewitt, W.A. puts it. At first the populace, though small was responsible for maintaining law and order. Then Justices of the Peace emerged on the scene to provide both the law and order and Justice at the bar. Then, in the present era, paid professional police were established to maintain law and order (Jerome, 2014).
- Statement of the Problems
Prior to carrying out this study, the criminal investigation department of 9th mile police station 9th mile area command are still using the manual system to handle criminal cases and other paper works which are prone to errors that cumulated to the followings:
- Alteration of suspect records since they do not attach their facial pictures.
- Delay in provision of mental information for decision making.
- Accessing of confidential data files by unauthorized persons.
- Problems of misfiling can occur.
- Ease to make or exchange information in some serious case.
More so, these problems made absolutely impossible for the law enforcement agency to contact crime to its barest minimum. Therefore, the problems is what should be done in order to create so much needed crime free society rather to contact crime to benefit from the potentialities of the law enforcement agency.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The aim of this study is to design and implement a computerized Crime management system. The aims and objectives are;
- To create a database for the police station.
- To develop software that will keep proper stock record.
- To develop a new system that is confidential and efficient in computer aided method.
- To develop a software that will be keeping and updating of facts and records for security purposes. To agencies when needed.
- Dissemination of information.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The essence of Crime management system is to examine crime reports to see the rate of crime in the society. The analysis is used to determine how to manage the people in the police station. At any time during the fiscal year, Police officer may analyze the trends in the report to determine the best course of action.
1.5 Scope of the Study
This project is designed to support operation policing by providing crime related information investigation analysis, capabilities for deleting and apprehension offenders. It encompasses the relevant aspects of information management system such as data handling storage of data and cases, updating of information.
1.6 Limitations of Study
In the course of carrying out this research work a number of problems were encountered.
- Lack of adequate fund to finance the project.
- Power Routine: The source and authority of Electric power supply Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC) is another limitation of this project. Some typed work was lost due to the power interruption and had to be retyped.
- Time Constraints
- The limited knowledge of Visual Basic programming was great challenge to this project. However, more research was made to complete this project successfully.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Analyst: This is a person or professional who studies the problem encountered by a system and creates means of solving them by introducing a better system.
Code: It is a written guideline that helps to determine whether a specific action is ethical or unethical.
Computer: Computer is an electronic device operating the control of instructions stored in its memory that can accept data (input) manipulate the data according to a specified rules (processing) produces result output and stores the result for future use.
Crime: Crime is an illegal acts or ability that can be punishable by law of the land. It can be immortal act against humanity to extremity. Some examples are fraud, rapes, embezzlement and theft.
Criminal Investigation Department: This is a department of police force whose duty and responsibility is to investigate and solve crime and related offenses.
Data processing: is defined as the entire process of converting or manipulating data into definite meaningful information (Okoye & Adigwe, 2013).
Data: It is the facts collected for decision making they are facts that are kept to be processed to get more information.
Database Management System (DBMS): it is software which controls the flow of data and checks and checks on how data are stored (Aguboshim, 2013).
Database: is an organized /unique collection of related files. It is a collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views and other object.
Design: is the art or process of designing how something will look, work.
Documentation: material that provides official information or evidence that serves as record; written specifications and information that describes the product.
Electronic Data Processing Equipment (EDP): it is a machine that performs the work of data manipulation.
Information: This is output of data is a processed data which could be used for decision making. It can be meaningful and asset to any establishments.
Input: A set of data sent to the computer processing.
Investigation Police Officer: This a police officer not lower than the rank of an inspector who is assigned either by the police commissioner or the division police officer to lead investigation team and report back to the appropriate authority.
Management Information System (MIS): This deals with the planning for development, management and the use of information technology tools to help people perform all tasks related to information processing management.
Offence: An act omission which renders that person doing the act or making the omission liable to punishment under the criminal code or under any act or law.
Offense Report Information (ORI): This is a publication that with crime incidents, administrative and criminal report collected over a period of time.
Security: This helps to prevent unauthorized users from illegally accessing certain data within the database, it protects your data/ files.
Software: These are set of logically related instructions given to the computer to perform some specific task.
System: Is the collection of hardware and software, data information procedure and people.
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