TABLE OF CONTENT
Acknowledgement i
Table of Content ii
Abstract 1
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 SCOPE OF STUDY
1.2 PURPOSE OF STUDY
1.2.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
CHAPTERTWO
2.0 METHODOLOGY
CHAPTERTHREE
3.0 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES:
3.1 HYDROLOGY
3.1 1 INFILTRATION (hydrology)
3.1.2 PROCESS OF INFILTRATION
3.1.3 MEASUREMENT OF INFILTRATION
3.1.4 TYPES OF INFILTRATION
3.1.5 GROUND WATER
3.1.6 ADVANTAGES OF GROUND WATER OVER OTHER SOURCE
3.1.7 MEASUREMENT OF GROUND WATER MOVEMENT
3.1.8 DISCHARGE (Hydrology)
3.1.9 RIVER DISCHARGE
3.1.10 DIFFERENT METHODS OF MEASURING DISCHARGE
3.2 CLIMATE AND VEGETATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
3.2.1 CLIMATE
3.2.2 VEGETATION
3.2.3 METHOD OF SAMPLING VEGETATION RESOURCE
3.3 THE FRAME WORK FOR LAND EVALUATION
3.3.1 ASSESSMENT OF LAND AND SOIL DEGRADATION
3.3.2 CONCEPTS, DEFINITION, AND PRINCIPLES
3.3.3 THE MANY FUNCTIONS OF LAND
3.3.4 LAND QUALITIES RELATED TO PRODUCTIVITY FROM CROPS OR
OTHER PLANT GROWTH
3.3.5 ATMOSPHERIC QUALITIES
3.3.6 LAND COVER QUALITIES
3.3.7 LAND SURFACE AND TERRAIN QUALITIES
3.3.8 SOIL QUALITIES
3.3.9 SUBSTRATUM OR UNDERGROUND QUALITIES
3.4 GEOMORPHOLOGY (ROCK AND SOIL FORMATION)
3.4.1 ROCK FORMATION
3.4.2 SOIL FORMATION
CHAPTERFOUR
4.0 HUMAN GEOGRAPHICAL ACTIVITIES:
4.1 AGRO-PROCESSING IN NIGERIA
4.1.1 SHONGA FARMS HOLDING LIMITED
4.2 DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN THE TROPICS
4.2.1 DAIRY FARMING
4.2.2 MILKING OPERATION
4.2.3 DAIRY FARM MANAGEMENT
4.2.4 PASTURE AT MID CALF HEIGHT PASTURE TO ABOVE ANKLE HEIGHT
4.2.5 MARKET
4.3 BANANA PLANTATION
4.3.1 ELEMENTS OF A BANANA PLANTATION
4.3.2 FARMING TECHNIQUES ON BANANA PLANTATION
4.3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF BANANA PLANTATION
4.3.4 BANANA CULTIVATION PROCEDURES
4.4 PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA AND SOLUTION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
ABSTRACT
Geography is, in the broadest sense, an education for life and for living. Learning through geography whether gained through formal learning or experimentally through travel, fieldwork and expenditions which helps to be more socially and environmentally sensitive, informed and responsible citizens and employees. It is a unique discipline bridging the social sciences (human geography) with the natural sciences (physical geography). Human geography concerns the understanding of the dynamics of physical geography concerns, the understanding of the dynamics of physical landscapes and environment. Understanding these dynamics is accomplished with the aid of field work of the environment.
Fieldwork is widely regarded as an essential component of geography education and geographers regard it as a vital instrument for understanding our world through direct experience for gathering basic data about this world and as a fundamental method for enacting geographical education.
Demonstration of fieldwork in the geographical environment of shonga, Kwara State capital was examined and referenced to some of the human and physical features such as;
- Geomorphology features,
- Climatic and vegetation characteristics,
- Hydrological characteristics,
- Geomorphology(rock and soil forms), and
- Social and cultural activities.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Change has been present throughout the long development of geography in which have been a number of different phrases or trends in the discipline. Throughout all this change over centuries, however, a few things have remained constant; for one the subject matter of geography hasn’t really changed since the time of the ancient Greeks (i.e human and physical geography), geographers have been concerned with the study of the earth’s landscapes, people, places and environment. It is quite simply about the world in which we live.
Something else that has not changed is the fact that geography has always been a discipline of observation. Observation is the basic way of understanding the fundamental components of geography which geographers have been observing for centuries. However, observation has formally been incorporated into geography through fieldwork.
Fieldwork is nothing more than a systematic observation by a geographer of his or her subject matter. This is the profession of geography which enables geographers to merge their classroom knowledge with a result-oriented field work experience. Also it contributes fundamentally to geographical research and to our basic understanding of the Earth’s surface. Virtually any one can do it because field work is at its most fundamental, just going out and looking at the land with all the training required being what to look for?
1.1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The fieldwork was basically examined in shonga community .This place is situated in Edu, Kwara, Nigeria, its geographical coordinates are 9° 1′ 0″ North, 5° 9′ 0″ East and its original name (with diacritics) is Shonga.
1.2 PURPOSE OF STUDY
Fieldwork is a branch of geography which inculcate the following to geographers;
Seeing geography and theories come to live: enable geographer to improve knowledge of geography and understanding.
DevelopingSkills: giving a chance to learn skills in data collection, and analysis, map work, observational and investigative skills, computer and technology skills, communication and mathematical.
AppreciatingEnvironments: giving a chance to experience and enjoy a wide range of environments and landscapes.
OpinionsandViews: It helps to understand other peoples and cultures and own views about social, political or environmental issues.
Taking responsibility for learning, gaining confidence and development of own skills, such as leadership and team work.
1.2.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
- To inculcate in students the analytical approach towards their geographical environment through field study/work of selected area.
- To enhance spatial interactions among students and also help to broaden their horizon by substantiating students’ knowledge about the goal of the study.
- To the basic understanding of location pattern, cultural and physical aspect of the phenomenon in space.
- Enable data collection, analysis and interpretation for the presentation of logical and realistic result, having a verifying hypothesis and fact for environmental issues.
- Inculcate a thorough skills of investigating nature of the phenomenon on the field or landscape.
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